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Descriptive Statements:
- Recognize theories, principles, sequences, stages, and characteristics of physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development throughout the life span.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the interrelationships and factors that affect physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development throughout the life span.
- Demonstrate knowledge of techniques, strategies, and resources for fostering optimal physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development throughout the life span.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the effects of heredity, environment, and geography on an individual's needs, roles, and goals throughout the life span.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the effects of socioeconomic, technological, political, and global influences on an individual's needs, roles, and goals throughout the life span.
- Demonstrate knowledge of developing and implementing research- and theory-based course curricula, instructional strategies, and assessments that integrate core academic areas and support student learning in human growth and development throughout the life span.
Sample Item:
At which of the following ages do children typically begin to use coping mechanisms to control their emotional responses?
- birth to one year
- two to four years
- five to seven years
- eight to ten years
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
B. By the time a child has reached toddlerhood (ages two to four years), they will typically have developed the ability to control their emotional responses. The coping mechanisms children will typically have developed at this age include restricting sensory input, self-comforting, and the use of language to express oneself.
Descriptive Statements:
- Recognize the types, characteristics, and importance of interpersonal relationships for supporting well-being.
- Analyze personal and environmental factors that affect the formation and maintenance of respectful and caring interpersonal relationships.
- Recognize communication skills and barriers to communication and their effects on relationships.
- Demonstrate knowledge of decision-making, problem-solving, conflict resolution, and crisis management skills.
- Demonstrate knowledge of effective teamwork and leadership skills in family, workplace, and community settings.
- Demonstrate knowledge of ethical principles of communication and communication technology in family, workplace, and community settings.
- Demonstrate knowledge of developing and implementing research- and theory-based course curricula, instructional strategies, and assessments that integrate core academic areas and support student learning in interpersonal relationships and communication.
Sample Item:
After work, two roommates enter into a heated argument over who should wash the dishes that were left in the sink that morning. At this point, the roommates can best prevent this conflict from escalating further if:
- they write down their arguments to vent their feelings.
- one roommate washes the dishes and the other accepts this as the end of the argument.
- they agree to pause the argument and take some time apart before discussing the issue further.
- a third party is called in to listen to their arguments and decide who is right.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
C. By taking some time apart before discussing the issue further, the roommates give themselves the opportunity to de-escalate their emotional responses to the situation and think more clearly about the issue before resuming a discussion. This will support their having a rational and respectful conversation that is more likely to lead to a mutually acceptable resolution.
Descriptive Statements:
- Recognize various types of families and family structures, needs and functions of families, and roles and responsibilities of family members and caregivers.
- Demonstrate knowledge of public policies; multiple perspectives; and varying factors that affect families.
- Identify skills and strategies needed to maintain healthy family relationships and to manage conflicts, crises, changes, and transitions that affect family well-being and demonstrate knowledge of resources and services for families in need.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the interrelatedness of personal, family, work, and community roles and responsibilities.
- Identify factors that affect decisions about becoming a parent/guardian and ways parents/guardians and other members of the family system can prepare for the addition of a child.
- Recognize stages and physical and emotional changes that occur during pregnancy and childbirth and the effects of various factors on prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal health.
- Demonstrate knowledge of alternatives to biological parenthood and the legal and ethical implications of current and emerging technology on fertility and family planning.
- Recognize parents'/guardians' legal and financial obligations to their children; various styles, expectations, and responsibilities of parenting/caregiving; and the factors that affect parenting/caregiving styles, expectations, responsibilities, and outcomes.
- Demonstrate knowledge of developmentally appropriate strategies for promoting children's physical, social, cognitive, and emotional development and well-being and recognize types, risk factors, causes, signs, and effects of child maltreatment.
- Analyze various community resources and services, child-care options, criteria for evaluating child-care programs, and characteristics of high-quality home and institutional caregivers.
- Demonstrate knowledge of developing and implementing research- and theory-based course curricula, instructional strategies, and assessments that integrate core academic areas and support students' understanding of families, family well-being, and the roles and responsibilities of parenting/caregiving.
Sample Item:
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) supports eligible employees' ability to fulfill their family roles after the birth or adoption of a child or when caring for a seriously ill family member by:
- requiring employers to provide employees with up to three months of paid leave per year.
- allowing employees to use sick time to take a child, spouse, or parent to routine doctor appointments.
- providing employees who leave their jobs with the option of buying health insurance through the company.
- guaranteeing employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave per year without risk of losing their jobs.
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
D. The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is a federal law that applies to employers with 50 or more employees. Under FMLA, employees who have worked for such an employer for at least 12 months and 1,250 hours in the preceding 12 months have the right to take an extended, unpaid leave of absence from work to handle the birth or adoption of a child, placement of a foster child, or their own or an immediate family member's serious health condition without the risk of being terminated from their jobs or being forced into a lower job upon their return.
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