Recommendation for individuals using a screenreader: please set your punctuation settings to "most."
Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate understanding of waves by identifying their characteristics (e.g., amplitude, frequency, wavelength) and types (i.e., transverse and longitudinal).
- Analyze wave production, propagation, interference, diffraction, reflection, refraction, behavior, and the transfer of energy and momentum for waves.
- Apply knowledge of the factors that affect wave speed (e.g., tension in ropes, type of medium), including solving problems.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the Doppler effect and the human perception of sound, including solving intensity of sound problems on the decibel scale.
- Analyze standing wave properties and resonance for a variety of situations (e.g., strings, pipes).
- Demonstrate knowledge of scientific and engineering practices, crosscutting concepts, safety procedures and the proper use of equipment, and the engineering design process related to waves and wave phenomena.
Sample Item:
A teacher ties a ribbon to one location on a heavy rope and creates a wave that travels through the rope. If a student measures the time between successive wave peaks as they pass the ribbon as 0.25 s0.25 seconds, what is the frequency of the wave?
- 0.25 Hz0.25 Hertz
- 0.50 Hz0.50 Hertz
- 2.0 Hz2.0 Hertz
- 4.0 Hz4.0 Hertz
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
D. The relationship between the period and frequency of a traveling wave can be calculated once the period is determined. The time measured between consecutive wave peaks is defined as the period for the wave. The frequency is the reciprocal of the period: 1/(0.25 s) = 4.0 Hzone divided by 0.25 seconds equals 4.0 Hertz
Descriptive Statements:
- Demonstrate knowledge of the electromagnetic spectrum and the production and transmission of electromagnetic waves.
- Analyze properties and behaviors of light (e.g., speed, reflection, refraction) in various media, including solving problems.
- Apply knowledge of the ray model of light to flat, convex, and concave mirrors and thin lenses using words, diagrams, and mathematical models.
- Apply knowledge of the wave model of light for various optical phenomena (i.e., dispersion, diffraction, interference, and transmission).
- Demonstrate understanding of light polarization, including using linear polarizers.
- Demonstrate knowledge of scientific and engineering practices, crosscutting concepts, safety procedures and the proper use of equipment, and the engineering design process related to light and electromagnetic radiation.
Sample Item:
Vertically polarized light of intensity I0I subscript zero passes through a set of two linear polarizers. The first polarizer's axis is at a 45°45 degree angle relative to the vertical, and the second polarizer's axis is aligned horizontally. Which of the following expressions represents the intensity of the light after it has passed through both polarizers?
- 0
- 0.25I00.25 I subscript zero
- 0.50I00.50 I subscript zero
- 0.75I00.75 I subscript zero
Correct Response and Explanation (Show Correct ResponseHide Correct Response)
B. The result of light passing through a polarizer is that the light becomes polarized in the direction of the polarizer's axis. Vertically polarized light, having passed through the first polarizer, can be determined using I1 = I0 cos2 45°I subscript 1 equals I subscript zero multiplied by cosine squared of 45 degrees, and the resulting light having passed through the second polarizer is given by I2 = I1 cos2 45° = I0 cos4 45° = 0.25I0I subscript 2 equals I subscript 1 multiplied by cosine squared of 45 degrees equals I subscript 0 multiplied by cosine to the power 4 of 45 degrees equals 0.25 I subscript zero.
View Cart